概述
Bladder stones are crystallized minerals that form when concentrated urine hardens in the bladder after urination.
Concentrated urine is often the result ofdehydrationor the inability to completely empty your bladder. This may be due to anenlarged prostate, bladder problems, orurinary tract infections (UTIs)。If left untreated, bladder stones can lead to infections and other complications.
膀胱结石的典型症状是：
- frequent urination, especially during the night
- lower abdominal pain
- a burning sensation or pain in the urethra when urinating
- bloody or cloudy urine
- 尿失禁或无法控制排尿
大多数发展膀胱石的人都是男人，尤其是有前列腺问题的老年人。80多岁的男人的风险比年轻男子高得多。但是，即使是居住在工业化国家的30多岁的男人也可以发展石头。这些地区中的人们更有可能饮食含量高脂肪和糖。
Children who live in developing countries are also susceptible to bladder stones. They often don’t have access to enough water to stay hydrated and their diets tend to be poor.
膀胱结石的形成可能是潜在尿路问题的次要症状。可能导致膀胱结石的条件包括：
感染
Bacteria and other organisms can cause bladder infections or inflammation. UTIs are a common cause of bladder stones.
尽管男人会发育更多的膀胱结石，但女性的膀胱感染比男性更多。妇女的尿道较短，因此细菌进入膀胱的途径较短。
Damaged urethra
Your urethra can be injured or damaged from illness, disease, or trauma. It may narrow due to infection and block the flow of urine exiting your body.
Enlarged prostate gland
Your prostate gland surrounds your urethra, the thin tube that transports urine from your bladder during urination. When theprostate gland enlarges，它可以压在尿道上并干扰排尿。
Neurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladderis a condition that affects the nerves transporting messages from your brain to your bladder muscles. Injury or damage to these nerves may prevent your brain from telling your bladder muscles to contract and expand in order to urinate. This can cause urine to remain in your bladder and form stones.
Weak bladder
The walls of your bladder may become weak in some areas and form pouches that bulge outward. Urine can collect and store in these pouches.
Kidney stones
小石头可以在肾脏中形成，并从输尿管下行驶，两根管子从肾脏到膀胱。这可能导致膀胱问题。
尽管肾结石differ in their development, they may become bladder stones when they reach the bladder.
小肾结石可能会毫不痛苦地通过您的尿液，但其他肾结石可能会变得足够大，以至于必须被医生去除。
如果您的排尿并发症或与膀胱结石相关的任何症状，请参见您的医生。他们可能会在进行其他诊断测试之前为您提供身体检查。如果您是一个男人，您的身体可能包括检查以查看您是否患有扩大前列腺。
诊断测试可能包括：
Urinalysis
这个测试用于检查尿液是否结晶，感染和其他异常。
螺旋CT扫描
这种类型的CT扫描检查膀胱或体内其他任何地方的并发症。它比传统的CT扫描更快，更准确。
超声
A pelvic ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the inside of your body. These images will help your doctor see if stones are present in your bladder.
X-rays and intravenous pyelogram
X-rays show the inside of the bladder and most abnormalities that may be present.
期间静脉py骨图，将染料注射到您的静脉中，该静脉流过血管，直到到达膀胱。染料突出显示了任何异常的地层，然后X射线被突出显示结果。
X射线可能不会显示膀胱中的所有石头，因此，这些诊断测试现在不经常用于膀胱石头。
The outlook for treatment of bladder stones is positive. After treatment, you can help prevent bladder problems by drinking plenty of water (at least 8 glasses or 64 ounces daily). Also, seek prompt treatment for UTI symptoms or other urinary tract conditions.
