什么是钡灌肠？

A barium enema is a type of X-ray imaging test that allows doctors to examine your lower intestinal tract. It involves delivering a contrast solution that contains the metallic element barium into your rectum while a technician takes X-ray images of the area. The barium solution will be delivered using an enema — a process in which your doctor pushes a liquid into your rectum through your anus.

The barium solution helps to improve the quality of the X-ray images by highlighting certain areas of tissue. The X-ray used in this procedure is known as fluoroscopy. It allows the radiologist to see your internal organs in motion by tracking the flow of the barium solution through your intestinal tract.

该测试不需要止痛药或镇静，但可能会有轻微的不适感。

Your doctor may order a barium enema if they suspect an abnormality in your lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There are numerous conditions and symptoms that could prompt your doctor to examine your lower GI tract, including:

  • abdominal pain
  • blood in your stools
  • a change in your bowel movements
  • 克罗恩病
  • chronic diarrhea
  • 结直肠癌
  • 憩室炎
  • irritable bowel syndrome
  • 息肉
  • 直肠出血
  • 的肠子扭循环(volvulus)
  • 溃疡性结肠炎

您的医生会在测试前一天晚上清洁肠子。这可能包括使用泻药或在家中灌肠。

手术前一天晚上午夜后您不应该吃任何东西。在手术当天，您可以喝清晰的液体，例如水，茶，果汁或汤。这是为了确保您的结肠不清楚任何凳子，这些凳子可能会显示在X射线图像中。在测试之前，如果您的排便运动有问题，请告诉医生。

钡灌肠通常需要30至60分钟，并在医院或专门测试设施进行。您将换成医院的礼服，并从身体上取出任何珠宝或其他金属。金属可以干扰X射线过程。

You’ll be positioned on an exam table. X-rays will be taken to ensure that your bowels are clear. This may also involve a physical rectal exam.

The radiologist will then insert a small tube into your rectum and introduce the barium and water mixture. The radiologist may gently push air into your colon after the barium has been delivered in order to allow for even more detailed X-ray images. This is called an air-contrast barium enema.

技术人员将指示您保持静止并屏住呼吸，同时拍摄X射线图像。您很可能会重新定位几次，以从不同角度拍摄结肠的照片。这可能会导致您有些不适和抽筋，但通常很温和。

如果您在结肠中遇到困难，请提醒技术人员。

手术后，大多数钡和水将通过管去除。其余的您将进入浴室。

The results are typically categorized as negative or positive. A negative result means that there were no abnormalities found. A positive result means that abnormalities were found. This usually means that further testing will be required.

Your doctor will discuss your results with you and the next steps.

任何涉及辐射的测试都有癌症的轻微风险，包括X射线。但是，准确诊断的好处超过了您在测试期间接触的少量辐射的风险。请记住，您经常做的许多事情，例如在飞机上飞行，比X射线更容易受到辐射。

如果您怀孕或相信您可能怀孕，请告诉医生。不建议孕妇X射线射线，因为辐射会损害您的未出生孩子。

If it’s possible you have a tear, also called a perforation, in your colon, your doctor may opt for a contrast solution with iodine in it. This solution causes fewer potential complications if it leaks out of your colon.

The most common risk of a barium enema is an allergic reaction to the barium solution. Tell your doctor about any allergies you have.

钡灌肠的其他罕见并发症可能包括：

  • inflammation of the tissues around your colon
  • 胃肠道的阻塞
  • a perforated colon
  • 结肠墙的泪水

After the exam you can go about your day as you normally would. You may resume a normal diet but you should drink lots of water and increase your fiber intake. This means increasing how much water you drink and eating foods like whole-wheat pasta, beans, peas, and raspberries. Sometimes a laxative is needed to help remove the barium.

手术后的几天，您可能会注意到凳子比正常情况浅白色或浅色。这是由钡引起的，被认为是正常的。您的直肠和肛门可能会因该过程而酸痛。

如果您在排便，发烧或直肠出血方面遇到困难或疼痛，请致电您的医生。如果您在考试后两天没有排便或无法通过汽油，请致电您的医生。