听诊

为什么使用听诊？

异常声音可能表明这些领域的问题：

• lungs
• abdomen
• heart
• 主要的血管

潜在问题可能包括：

• irregular heart rate
• 克罗恩病
• 痰or液体积聚在你的肺部

您的医生还可以使用称为多普勒超声波的机器进行听诊。该机器使用声波从内部器官中反弹以创建图像。这也用于听宝宝的心律when you’re pregnant。

测试如何执行？

Your doctor places the stethoscope over your bare skin and listens to each area of your body. There are specific things your doctor will listen for in each area.

心

为了听到您的心脏，您的医生会听到心脏阀声音最大的四个主要区域。这些是您胸部上方的区域，略低于左乳房。一些心音are also best heard when you’re turned toward your left side. In your heart, your doctor listens for:

• what your heart sounds like
• how often each sound occurs
• 声音有多响亮

Abdomen

您的医生分别听腹部的一个或多个区域以听您的bowel sounds。他们可能会听到肿胀，毛茸茸的或什么都没听到的。每种声音都会告知您的医生肠。

Lungs

When listening to your lungs, your doctor compares one side with the other and compares the front of your chest with the back of your chest. Airflow sounds differently when airways are阻止，狭窄或充满液体。他们还会听异常的声音wheezing。Learn more about breath sounds.

How are results interpreted?

听诊can tell your doctor a lot about what’s going on inside of your body.

心

Traditional heart sounds are rhythmic.变化可以向您的医生发出信号，某些地区可能没有足够的血液或您有leaky valve。Your doctor may order additional testing if they hear something unusual.

Abdomen

您的医生应该能够听到腹部所有区域的声音。如果您的腹部没有声音，则可能会卡住消化的材料，或者您的肠子可能会扭曲。两种可能性都可能非常严重。

Lungs

Lung sounds can vary as much as heart sounds. Wheezes can be eitherhigh- or low-pitchedand can indicate that mucus is preventing your lungs from expanding properly. One type of sound your doctor might listen for is called a rub. Rubs sound like two pieces of sandpaper rubbing together and can indicate irritated surfaces around your lungs.

听诊有哪些选择？

您医生可以用来确定身体内部发生的事情的其他方法是触诊和打击乐。

触诊

Your doctor can perform a palpation simply by placing their fingers over one of your arteries to measure收缩压。Doctors usually look for a最大冲击点（PMI）around your heart.

如果您的医生感到异常，他们可以确定与您的心脏有关的可能问题。异常可能包括大PMI或刺激。刺激是由您的心脏感受到的振动。

Percussion

Percussion involves your doctor tapping their fingers on various parts of your abdomen. Your doctor uses percussion to listen for sounds based on the organs or body parts underneath your skin.

You’ll hear hollow sounds when your doctor taps body parts filled with air and much duller sounds when your doctor taps above bodily fluids or an organ, such as your肝。

打击乐使您的医生可以根据声音的相对钝度确定许多与心脏有关的问题。可以使用打击乐识别的条件包括：

• 放大的心脏称为cardiomegaly
• 心脏周围过多的液体，称为心包积液
• 气肿

为什么听诊很重要？

听诊为您的医生提供了关于您体内发生的事情的基本想法。您的腹部心脏，肺部和其他器官均可使用听诊和其他类似方法进行测试。

For example, if your doctor doesn’t identify a fist-sized area of dullness left of yoursternum，您可能会接受测试气肿。另外，如果您的医生在听您的心脏时听到所谓的“打开快照”，您可能会接受测试mitral stenosis。You might need additional tests for a diagnosis depending on the sounds your doctor hears.

听诊and related methods are a good way for your doctor to know whether or not you need close medical attention. Auscultation can be an excellent preventive measure against certain conditions. Ask your doctor to perform these procedures whenever you have aphysical exam。