抗体是您制造的蛋白质immune system. They help your body recognize and fight infections. Antibodies normally target harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses, by activating the immune system to get rid of them.
有时抗体错误地靶向您的健康细胞和组织。这被称为自身免疫反应。细胞核内攻击健康蛋白质的抗体（细胞的控制中心）称为抗核抗体（ANAS）。
当身体收到信号自我攻击时，可能会引起自身免疫性疾病such as狼疮,scleroderma，混合结缔组织疾病，自身免疫性肝炎, and others. Symptoms vary by disease, but they may includerashes， 肿胀，关节炎或疲劳。
拥有一些ANA是正常的，但是拥有太多的蛋白质是活跃的自身免疫性疾病的迹象。ANA面板有助于确定血液中的ANA水平。
You may have an autoimmune disorder if the level is high. Conditions such as infections,癌症，其他医疗问题也可能导致ANA阳性测试。
A doctor will likely order an ANA panel if you have signs or symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. An ANA test may indicate that you have some type of autoimmune condition, but it can’t be used to diagnose a specific disorder.
If your test comes back with a positive result, your doctor will need to do more specific and detailed testing to determine if an autoimmune disease is causing your symptoms.
No preparation is needed for the ANA panel. However, it’s important to tell your doctor about any medications or supplements that you’re taking, even over-the-counter ones. Some drugs, such as certainseizure和heart medications, can affect the accuracy of the test.
The ANA panel is similar to other blood tests. A phlebotomist (a technician who performs blood tests) will tie an elastic band around your upper arm so your veins swell with blood. This makes it easier for them to find a vein.
用防腐剂清洁现场后，他们将针头插入静脉中。针头进入时，您可能会感到某种适度的疼痛，但是测试本身并不痛苦。
Blood is then collected in a tube attached to the needle. Once the blood is collected, the phlebotomist will remove the needle from your vein and cover the puncture site.
对于婴儿或儿童，可以使用柳叶刀（小手术刀）来刺穿皮肤，并且可以将血液收集在称为移液器的小管中。它也可以收集在测试条上。
The blood is then sent to a lab for examination.
进行ANA面板的风险很小。在血液检查中，静脉静脉更难获得的人可能会比其他人更加不适。其他风险可以包括：
A negative test means that certain autoimmune diseases are less likely to be present. Other tests may still be needed based on your symptoms. Some people with autoimmune diseases may get a negative test result for ANA but positive result for other antibodies.
阳性的ANA测试意味着您的血液中的ANA水平很高。阳性ANA测试通常被报道为比率（称为滴度）和模式，例如光滑或斑点。某些疾病更有可能具有某些模式。
滴度越高，结果越有可能是“真正的积极”结果，这意味着您患有重要的ANA和自身免疫性疾病。
例如，对于1:40或1:80的比率，自身免疫性疾病的可能性被认为是低的。1：640或更高的比率表示自身免疫性障碍的可能性很高，但需要由医生分析结果，并进行其他测试以得出结论。
However, a positive result doesn’t always mean that you have an autoimmune disease. Up to15％完全健康的人有积极的ANA测试。这称为假阳性测试结果。
ANA滴度也可以随着健康人的年龄而增加，因此，重要的是与医生谈论您的症状以及您的结果对您意味着什么。
如果您的主要医生订购了该测试，他们可能建议转诊给风湿病学家（自身免疫性疾病专家），以审查任何异常的ANA结果。他们通常可以帮助确定您的测试结果是否与特定条件有关。
仅ANA阳性测试就无法诊断出特定的疾病。但是，某些与阳性ANA测试相关的条件包括：
- 系统性红斑狼疮(lupus): an autoimmune disorder that can affect different parts of your body, including your heart, kidneys, joints, and skin
- 自身免疫性肝炎：一种自身免疫性疾病，会引起肝脏炎症，皮疹，关节疼痛，疲劳，食欲不振和恶心
- rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disorder that causes joint destruction, pain, swelling, and stiffness in your joints and affects your lungs, heart, eyes, and other organs
- Sjögren病：一种影响您的唾液和泪腺的自身免疫性疾病，产生唾液和眼泪
- scleroderma：一种自身免疫性疾病，主要影响您的皮肤和其他结缔组织，但也会影响器官
- 自身免疫性甲状腺疾病: a range of conditions that affect your thyroid, includinghypothyroidism和hyperthyroidism
- 多聚肌炎或皮肌炎：自身免疫性疾病会导致肌肉的疼痛，无力和炎症，并且可能包括皮疹
Labs can differ in their standards for a positive test. Talk with a doctor about what your levels mean and how your symptoms may be explained by the presence of ANAs. If your ANA test comes back positive, your doctor will need to run more tests in order to help determine if the results are related to a specific condition.
ANA测试对诊断狼疮特别有用。多于95 percent狼疮患者将获得积极的ANA测试结果。但是，并非每个获得阳性测试结果的人都有狼疮，并不是每个患狼疮的人都会取得良好的测试结果。因此，ANA测试不能用作唯一的诊断方法。
Speak with a doctor about additional tests that can be done to determine if there’s an underlying cause for the increased ANAs in your blood.