什么是缺氧？

Anoxia happens when your body or brain completely loses its oxygen supply. Anoxia is usually a result of hypoxia. This means that a part of your body doesn’t have enough oxygen. When your body is harmed by a lack of oxygen, it’s called a hypoxic-anoxic injury.

Hypoxia can be a consequence of many conditions. These include:

  • low oxygen at high altitudes
  • significant blood loss
  • carbon monoxide and other poisonings
  • breathing difficulties that lower oxygen supply, like asthma or pneumonia
  • low blood flow to organs, such as from a stroke or heart problem
  • 突然受伤影响呼吸,如恩颐投资r-drowning or choking

When hypoxia turns into anoxia, the parts of your body that need oxygen to function can stop working properly. This includes your:

  • brain
  • heart
  • kidneys
  • bodily tissues

A complete lack of oxygen can be harmful or even deadly if it goes untreated. If you think you’re experiencing signs or symptoms of hypoxia, seek immediate medical attention. Don’t wait until symptoms start to point to anoxia.

Anoxia can be especially harmful to your brain. After about four to five minutes without oxygen, your brain can become permanently damaged. Without oxygen, your brain cells can die, and many of the functions that your brain controls can be affected. The longer your brain goes without enough oxygen, the more likely you may experience long-term complications, including death.

The symptoms of anoxia may not always be obvious at first. Your brain can last a few minutes without oxygen before any symptoms appear. At times, symptoms may be delayed and take several days or weeks to appear.

缺氧的第一个明显的症状可包括：

  • mood and personality changes
  • 记忆丧失
  • slurred speech or forgotten words
  • changes in judgment
  • trouble walking or moving your arms or legs normally
  • 弱点
  • feeling dizzy or disoriented
  • unusual headaches
  • trouble concentrating

在您的大脑没有氧气超过四到五分钟后，其他症状可能会显着。

These include:

If you or someone around you is experiencing any of the above symptoms, seek immediate emergency medical attention.

Each type of anoxia has a different internal or external cause. For example, internal causes include your heart or blood vessels not getting oxygen to your brain. External causes include less available oxygen or inhaling environmental toxins.

贫血贫血

贫血贫血occurs when your blood can’t carry enough oxygen around your body to keep your organs functioning properly.

Hemoglobin, a type of protein in your blood that contains iron, is used to deliver oxygen to your organs and tissues. When your blood doesn’t have enough hemoglobin or the hemoglobin is ineffective, your total oxygen supply decreases. This lack of oxygen can cause anemic anoxia.

由于多种原因，您身体中血红蛋白的水平可以降低，包括：

  • low hemoglobin that is reversible, like from low iron (iron deficiencyanemia)
  • abnormal hemoglobin from birth that causes conditions like sickle cell anemia or thalassemia

Toxic anoxia

当您接受毒素或其他化学品时，会发生有毒缺氧。这可以防止血液有效地在身体中携带氧气。

一氧化碳中毒is one of the most common causes of toxic anoxia. Carbon monoxide is a produced when gas is used as fuel. A faulty gas stove, fireplace, or furnace can cause carbon monoxide to fill your home. It is also found in vehicle fumes.

Stagnant anoxia

停滞不前的缺氧也被称为血管病变njury. It occurs when your blood doesn’t reach your brain or other body parts that need it. This can happen even when your blood is carrying plenty of oxygen and hemoglobin.

Cardiovascular events are the most common cause of stagnant anoxia. These include:

Anoxic anoxia

Anoxic anoxia happens when there’s not enough oxygen available to your body. If there isn’t enough oxygen to breathe in, you won’t be able to get enough oxygen to your bloodstream.

One form of anoxic anoxia can happen when you’re at high altitudes. Many of its symptoms are usually part of a condition calledaltitude sickness.

当你处于高海拔时，施加自己可以使缺氧缺氧的影响更差。这是因为努力工作，你的身体需要更多的氧气，但从空中没有足够的氧气。

You may develop anoxic anoxia when:

  • hiking
  • mountain climbing
  • skiing
  • snowboarding

Anoxic anoxia can also be caused by anything that keeps your lungs from working properly and limiting the body’s oxygen. These conditions include:

  • choking
  • suffocation
  • near drowning
  • breathing problems like asthma, pneumonia, or COPD
  • 用药

In order to find out if any symptoms you’re having are related to hypoxia or anoxia, your doctor may perform a variety of tests. Blood tests, imaging tests, and tests of your nervous system can all provide clues as to both the cause and results of hypoxia and anoxia.

Useful tests include:

  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan查看大脑的高度详细图像
  • functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to see how your brain reacts and functions during certain activities
  • computed tomography (CT) scanto see an overview of your brain
  • electroencephalogram (EEG), a test of your electrical brain activity
  • 血液计数和血气测试测量血红蛋白和血液中的血液水平
  • other brain testing that measures how you react to your environment

治疗depends on how long your brain or other parts of your body have been deprived of oxygen.

If your brain doesn’t get enough oxygen for a few minutes or more, certain physical and mental functions can weaken. In most cases, your doctor will attempt to get your body and brain’s oxygen levels back to normal. This may includecardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)or putting you on a ventilator to get enough oxygen.

您的医生也可能对待某些症状，例如seizures, so that they don’t limit your recovery. If you’re able to receive care quickly after losing oxygen, you may not experience as many complications or long-lasting symptoms.

If a cardiac event or heart condition has caused anoxia, your doctor will treat you for these conditions or refer you to a heart specialist for further treatment.

Losing oxygen to your brain can cause permanent damage or loss in your ability to walk, talk, or perform basic functions.

In this case, your doctor will likely recommend that you get one or more of the following:

  • 物理疗法帮助恢复您走路和控制身体的能力
  • speech therapy to help restore your ability to speak and swallow
  • occupational therapy to help you adjust to activities of daily life
  • 咨询帮助您学会应对您生活的任何变化
  • recreational therapy to help promote health and wellness through individual and community activities like art, music, dance, games, and sports

There are specialized rehabilitation centers that work with individuals with brain injuries. Talk to your doctor about a referral to one of these centers in your area.

Hypoxic-anoxic brain injuries can cause long-lasting damage. The sooner that you recognize the symptoms of hypoxia and anoxia and seek treatment, the more likely that you’ll successfully recover from damage or complications of oxygen loss.

In some cases, your abilities may never be fully restored to your baseline. But many options are available for therapy and for support while you learn to manage your daily life after an anoxic injury. Talk to your doctor about the options available to you.

The goal of rehabilitation and therapy is to help you achieve the highest possible quality of life, regardless of what changes have occurred. You should try to be patient and stick with your care plan, as rehab and therapy are important and necessary tools for living a full, active, and healthy life.