An anoscopy is a simple medical procedure that can help your doctor identify an abnormality in your gastrointestinal tract, notably in your anus and rectum.

To perform an anoscopy, your doctor will insert a device called an anoscope into your anus.

该范围通常由塑料（一次性）或不锈钢（可灭菌）制成。避难所允许您的医生在肛门直肠区域内进行详细的纸巾。

一种吸引力可以识别可能影响肠子下部的若干条件和疾病。这些包括：

If you’re going to have an anoscopy, you’ll need to empty your bladder and bowels before the procedure. Emptying your bladder and bowels will make you more comfortable during the procedure.

您的医生可能会给您一个泻药或灌肠，以帮助您在进行吸引力之前完全清空肠道。

匿名镜是刚性的空心管。它长3到5英寸，宽度约为2英寸。卸腔镜片配有灯，并允许医生详细检查肛门和直肠。

Before the anoscope is inserted into your anus, you’ll be asked to remove your undergarments. Your doctor may request that you position yourself in the fetal position on a table, or bend forward over the table.

然后，医生将通过您的肛门用K-Y果冻（或类似产品）润滑，将涂镜用K-Y果冻（或类似产品）润滑。

While the anoscope is being inserted, the doctor may ask you to intensify your internal muscles and relax as you would when having a bowel movement. This eases the placement of the anoscope.

Once the exam is performed, the doctor gently withdraws the anoscope.

Additional procedures

您的医生可以决定与吸引力一起执行其他程序。

这些可以包括：

  • 数字直肠考试(DRE): the DRE involves placing a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum via the anus. This is done to feel for irregularities inside your rectal area.
  • 活检: depending on the results of the other tests, your doctor may also want to take a small sample of tissue.

一种吸引力通常是一种无痛的程序，但你可能会感到压力或有肠蠕动的冲动。如果痔疮，可能会有少量的出血。

It’s important to relax and tell your doctor how you’re feeling. If a biopsy is taken, you may feel a slight pinch.

An anoscopy can spot a number of problems, including:

脓肿

脓肿是脓液的沉积物，可以导致它周围的组织中的肿胀和其他问题。脓肿可能是由：

  • blockage of a gland
  • 感染组织中的撕裂，称为肛裂
  • sexually transmitted infection (STI)
  • inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)

IBD包括溃疡性结肠炎和Crohn’s disease，并且以胃肠道衬里的炎症为特征。

Anal fissures

Anal fissures are tears in the tissue of the anus that can occur due to:

  • constipation
  • 坚硬，大的肠道运动
  • 长时间的腹泻
  • 减少血液流量

肛门裂缝也可以出现在分娩后或患有克罗恩疾病的人之后。它们可以在所有年龄段的人中找到，并且在婴儿中很常见。

痔疮

痔疮是肛门和直肠周围的肿胀静脉。在额外压力下，静脉会膨胀。

痔疮are common in pregnant women and can also occur due to an infection or straining during a bowel movement. Swollen veins in your anus and rectal area can be painful and cause bleeding.

Polyps

Polyps are growths that protrude from the lining of the rectum or colon. They’re usually benign, but some can be cancerous. Regular screenings can be very effective in preventing polyps from becoming a serious problem.

Cancer

Cancer can appear in the lower digestive tract, including the anus and the rectum. However, cancers in this area are uncommon — they’re much more common further up the digestive tract and colon.

这是一个门诊过程，这意味着一旦完成，你就可以了解你的一天。一旦考试完成，您的医生通常可以让您了解结果。

The results of your anoscopy will determine the next steps. The test can help your doctor determine appropriate treatment for your condition, or the need for more testing.