脑结构和功能损坏

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects 5 million people in the United States, according to theAlzheimer的协会. The progressive disease disrupts memory and thinking. It also impairs and eventually kills brain cells.

这种障碍可能导致症状包括：

  • 忘记
  • difficulty with time
  • language problems
  • inability to recognize loved ones

In AD, a protein called beta-amyloid shows up in irregular clumps or clusters in the brain. This protein comes from a precursor protein found in a fatty membrane that covers nerve cells.

The clumps of beta-amyloid fragments stick together to form plaque. These sticky clusters interrupt signals between synapses. Synapses are the spaces between nerve cells where information passes from one cell to another.

Scientists still aren’t certain whether beta-amyloid plaque causes AD, or whether the irregular clusters in the brain result from the disease process.

再保险searchers are also still sorting out whether clumped or unclumped versions of beta-amyloid cause AD.

再保险searchers do know that mutations in APP, the precursor protein that forms beta-amyloid plaque, causes early onset AD.

In normal brain tissue, a protein called tau stabilizes microtubules. Microtubules are key parts of cell structure.

在患病的大脑中，蛋白质股或螺纹，变缠结。结果，沿着并联结构传输细胞营养素的脑系统 - 可以与铁轨相比 - 崩溃。

Without these critical nutrients, brain cells die.

Memory and thinking depend on the transmission of signals across 100 billion neurons in the brain.

广告干扰了该单元信号传输。它还影响脑化学品的活动，称为神经递质。

The scrambled chemistry produces flawed signaling, so the brain’s messages are lost. This impacts the ability to learn, remember, and communicate.

Microglia are a type of cell that initiate immune responses in the brain and spinal cord. When AD is present, microglia interpret the beta-amyloid plaque as cell injury.

The microglia go into overdrive, stimulating inflammation that further damages brain cells.

Some AD research focuses on how this inflammatory response can be reduced or controlled.

在高级广告中，覆盖大脑，大脑的最大部分，枯萎和缩小的表面层。皮质伤害与大脑的正常能力造成伤害，召回和集中精力。

Alzheimer’s disease also affects the hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory. The disease causes the hippocampus to shrivel. This harms the brain’s ability to create new memories.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for AD. However, certain treatments like behavioral therapy and medication can help ease symptoms of the disease.

一些药物可能有助于缓解混淆和记忆损失的症状。这些包括胆碱酯酶抑制剂和忆内，有时会一起使用。