Just because a doctor prescribes a pill doesn’t mean that it’s safe for everyone. As the number of issued prescriptions rises, so do the rates of people misusing prescription drugs.
在2015年进行的调查中，药物滥用和心理健康服务管理局（Samhsa）发现过去一年中，1890万美国人年龄12岁及更老的滥用处方药。大约1％的美国人年龄龄和老年人患有处方药物使用障碍。
吸毒成瘾是一个组成部分吸毒障碍。这是一种可能影响你的大脑和行为的疾病，使得难以控制你对药物的使用。有些人沉迷于非法娱乐药物， 如可卡因要么heroin。然而，您也可以沉迷于您的医生规定的药物。如果您沉迷于处方药，即使导致您伤害，您也可能强制使用它。
Some prescription drugs are more addictive than others. Most addictive drugs affect your brain’s reward system by flooding it with dopamine. This results in a pleasurable “high” that can motivate you to take the drug again. Over time, you might become dependent on the drug to feel “good” or “normal.” You might also develop a tolerance to the drug. This can push you to take larger doses.
Read on to begin learning about prescription drugs that are commonly misused.
阿片类药物produce a euphoric effect. They’re often prescribed for疼痛。阿片类药物滥用的迹象和症状可能包括：
- 兴奋
- 昏睡
- drowsiness
- 困惑
- dizziness
- changes in vision
- 头痛
- 缉获
- 呼吸困难
- 恶心
- vomiting
- constipation
- changes in behavior or性格
羟氢酮（oxycontin）
羟考酮通常以品牌名称oxycontin出售。它也与乙酰氨基酚组合出售percocet.。It changes how yourcentral nervous system (CNS)响应痛苦。
像海洛因一样，它创造了一种欣快，镇静效果。根据毒品执法局（DEA），于2013年在美国分配了58.8百万针对羟考酮的处方。
疑要
疑要通常规定治疗轻度至中度疼痛。它还与其他药物相结合治疗感冒和流感症状。For example, it’s commonly found in处方强度咳嗽糖浆。
When consumed in high quantities, codeine-based cough syrup has a sedative effect. It can also cause altered levels of意识。它为被称为“紫色醉酒”的非法药物混合物提供了基础，“Sizzurp”或“瘦”。这种混合物还含有苏打水，有时是糖果。
芬太尼
芬太尼是一种合成的阿片类药。它为急性和慢性疼痛规定，通常是人癌症。根据这一点
芬太尼也是非法制造的，作为非法娱乐药物销售。在许多情况下，它与海洛因，可卡因或两者混合。2017年10月，
除了与阿片类药物滥用相关的常见症状和症状外，芬太尼滥用也可能导致幻觉和噩梦。
Meperidine（Demerol）
Meperidine is a synthetic opioid. It’s often sold under the brand name Demerol. It’s typically used to treat moderate to severe pain. Like other opioids, it produces feelings of euphoria.
根据这一点
阿片类药物撤离
If you’re addicted to opioids, you’ll likely develop退出停止使用它们时的症状。戒断症状可能包括：
CNS抑制剂包括巴比妥酸盐benzodiazepines。They’re also called tranquillizers and have a calming effect. Signs and symptoms of misuse include:
Alprazolam（Xanax）
alprazolamis a benzodiazepine. It’s commonly sold under the brand nameXanax.。它被规定对待焦虑和恐慌障碍。It depresses your CNS, which has a calming effect. Some people misuse it for its fast-acting sedating effects.
根据这一点
Alprazolam滥用的其他迹象和症状包括睡眠，swelling手或feet, andtremors。
Clonazepam（klonopin）和diazepam（valium）
Clonazepam.和Diazepam.are benzodiazepines. They’re used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. They’re also used to对待癫痫发作。Clonazepam通常以品牌名称Klonopin出售。diazepam通常出售为廉价。
像Xanax一样，这些药物常常滥用他们的镇静作用。它们产生的“高级”，可以觉得类似于的effects of alcohol。例如，他们可能导致醉酒，谈话和放松的感觉。
人们与其他药物结合统治Xanax，Klonopin或Valium并不罕见。根据这一点
Clonazepam或Diazepam滥用的潜在迹象和症状也可包括：
- 偏执狂
- 幻觉
- constipation
从CNS抑制剂撤离
If you’re addicted to CNS depressants, you’ll likely develop withdrawal symptoms when you stop using them. Withdrawal symptoms may include:
- drug cravings
- 焦虑
- 恐慌
- 过度出汗
- 头痛
- 睡眠困难
- muscle pain
- 恶心
兴奋剂增加你的大脑活动。这有助于提高您的警觉性和能量水平。滥用的迹象和症状包括：
- 兴奋
- aggressiveness或敌意
- 偏执狂
- 幻觉
- 减少胃口
- 减肥
- rapid heart rate
- dilated pupils
- changes in vision
- 头痛
- 恶心
- vomiting
- 行为或人格的变化
Amphetamine（Adderall）
amphetamine.通常被称为“速度”。这是一个CNS兴奋剂。它用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和narcolepsy。
Products that contain amphetamine are often misused for their energizing effects. For example,Adderallis a product that combines amphetamine and葡聚糖。It’s often misused by people are sleep-deprived, such as truck drivers, shift workers, and college students working on deadlines. According to a study from the密歇根大学, 9 percent of college students in 2012 reported misusing Adderall.
除了刺激滥用的典型迹象外，还可以通过以下特征来表征Amphetamine误用：
甲基苯胺（利他林）
与Adderall类似，甲基酚是影响CNS的兴奋剂。它通常以品牌名称出售rialin。It increases levels of dopamine in the brain, which helps improve attention. It’s used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. Like other stimulants, it can be habit-forming.
One reason that Ritalin and other prescription stimulants are commonly misused is their availability. According to the数据包络分析, more than 13 million prescriptions formethylphenidate在2012年填写。
甲基酚滥用也可能导致搅拌或睡眠问题。
从兴奋剂撤离
如果您沉迷于兴奋剂，在停止使用它们时，您可能会产生戒断症状。戒断症状可能包括：
处方药成瘾可能对您的健康产生负面影响。它还可以让您面临致命过量的风险。药物成瘾也可以对您的财务状况和关系进行应变。
Do you suspect that someone you love is misusing prescription medications? It’s important for them to get professional help. Their doctor or mental health specialist might recommend counseling. They might also refer your loved one to an intensive rehabilitation program. In some cases, they might prescribe medications to help curb drug cravings or relieve symptoms of withdrawal.
如果您怀疑您喜欢的某人有处方药成瘾，则有些方法可以帮助。
For more information on drug addiction, including potential treatment options, visit these websites: