What is acute kidney failure?
急性肾衰竭时发生kidneys突然失去了消除血液中多余的盐，液体和废物材料的能力。这种消除是肾脏主要功能的核心。当肾脏失去过滤能力时，体液可能会提高到危险水平。这种情况还会导致电解质和废料在您的体内积聚，这也可能危及生命。
急性肾衰竭也称为急性肾脏损伤或急性肾衰竭。这在已经在医院的人中很常见。它可能会在几个小时内迅速发展。它也可以在几天到几周内发展。重病且需要重症监护的人患急性肾脏衰竭的风险最高。
急性肾衰竭可能是威胁生命的，需要深入治疗。但是，这可能是可逆的。如果您身体健康，则可以康复。
急性肾脏衰竭可能出于多种原因。最常见的原因之一是：
- 急性管状坏死（ATN）
- 严重或突然脱水
- toxic kidney injury from poisons or certain medications
- 一个utoimmune kidney diseases, such as急性肾素综合征一个nd间质性肾炎
- urinary tract obstruction
减少的血流会损害肾脏。以下条件可能导致肾脏的血液流量减少：
- 低血压
- burns
- 脱水
- hemorrhage
- 受伤
- 败血性冲击
- 严重疾病
- 手术
某些疾病会导致肾脏血管内凝结，这可能导致急性肾脏衰竭。这些条件包括：
- hemolytic uremic syndrome
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (ITTP)
- malignant hypertension
- transfusion reaction
- 硬皮病
Some infections, such as败血症一个nd一个cute pyelonephritis，，，，can directly injure your kidneys.
怀孕也会引起伤害肾脏的并发症，包括placenta previa一个nd胎盘的破裂。
如果您是老年人，或者您遇到以下任何长期健康问题，获得急性肾脏衰竭的机会会更大：
- 肾脏疾病
- liver disease
- diabetes，，，，especially if it’s not well controlled
- high blood pressure
- heart failure
- 病态肥胖
If you’re ill or being treated in a hospital’s intensive care unit, you’re at an extremely high risk for acute kidney failure. Being the recipient of heart surgery, abdominal surgery, or a骨髓移植can also increase your risk.
急性肾衰竭的症状包括：
- bloody stools
- breath odor
- slow, sluggish movements
- 广义swelling or fluid retention
- fatigue
- 肋骨和臀部疼痛
- 手震颤
- bruising easily
- 心理状况或情绪的变化，尤其是在老年人中
- 食欲下降
- 感觉降低，尤其是在您的手或脚上
- prolonged bleeding
- 癫痫发作
- 恶心
- vomiting
- high blood pressure
- 一个嘴里的金属味
如果您患有急性肾脏衰竭，则可能会肿胀。肿胀是由于保留液。
Using a stethoscope, your doctor may hear crackling in the lungs. These sounds can signal fluid retention.
Results of laboratory tests may also show abnormal values, which are new and different from baseline levels. Some of these tests include:
一个ultrasound是诊断急性肾衰竭的首选方法。但是，腹部X-ray，，，，一个bdominal CT scan，，，，一个nd腹部MRIcan help your doctor determine if there’s a blockage in your urinary tract.
Certain blood tests may also reveal underlying causes of acute kidney failure.
您的治疗将取决于急性肾脏衰竭的原因。目标是恢复正常的肾功能。在肾脏恢复的同时，防止液体和废物在体内堆积很重要。在大多数情况下，肾脏专家称为“肾脏科医生”进行评估。
饮食
Your doctor will restrict your diet and the amount of liquids you eat and drink. This will reduce the buildup of toxins that the kidneys would normally eliminate. A diet high in carbohydrates and low in protein, salt, and potassium is usually recommended.
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat or prevent any infections that occur at the same time. Diuretics may help your kidneys eliminate fluid. Calcium and insulin can help you avoid dangerous increases in your blood potassium levels.
透析
You may needdialysis，，，，but it’s not always necessary, and it will likely only be temporary. Dialysis involves diverting blood out of your body into a machine that filters out waste. The clean blood then returns to your body. If your potassium levels are dangerously high, dialysis can save your life.
如果您的心理状况发生变化或停止小便，则需要透析。如果您患上心心炎或心脏炎症，则可能需要透析。透析可以帮助消除体内的氮废物。
Some of the complications of acute kidney failure include:
- chronic kidney failure
- heart damage
- 神经系统损害
- end-stage renal failure
- high blood pressure
预防和治疗疾病能导致一个cute kidney failure is the best method for avoiding the disease. According to the梅奥诊所，，，，having ahealthy lifestyle这包括定期的体育锻炼和明智的饮食可以帮助防止肾衰竭。与您的医生一起管理可能导致急性肾脏衰竭的现有医疗状况。
Acute kidney failure can be a life-threatening illness. Chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease can develop. There’s a greater risk of death if kidney failure is caused by severe infection, trauma, or surgery.
The following can also increase the risk of death:
With proper treatment and diligence, your chances of recovery are good. Seek immediate and regular medical care for acute kidney failure, and ask your doctor questions about what you can do to heal faster.