- 一项新的研究表明，吃蔬菜可能对心脏病的风险影响不大，但其他专家说，多样化的饮食仍然很重要。
- Researchers analyzed the diets of nearly 400,000 U.K. adults.
- 他们发现，吃更多的蔬菜，尤其是煮熟的蔬菜，并没有降低人们患心脏病发作，中风或其他心脏病的风险，或者因这些疾病而死。
2月21日发布的一项新研究表明，每天吃适量的蔬菜可能对您的心脏健康影响不大。
研究人员分析了近40万英国成年人的饮食，发现更多的蔬菜，尤其是煮熟的蔬菜，并没有降低人们患心脏病发作，中风或其他心脏病的风险，或者从这些疾病中死亡。
“Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD [cardiovascular disease],”Qi Feng牛津大学纳菲尔德人口卫生系的流行病学家博士，博士陈述.
While the observational study showed that eating raw vegetables provided some protection against cardiovascular disease, eating cooked vegetables did not.
此外，当研究人员考虑到人们的教育水平和其他社会经济因素以及生活方式因素，例如体育活动，吸烟，酒精消耗，红肉摄入量以及饮食的其他方面，植物消费的任何好处都会降低。
“Our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias from residual confounding factors, related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” said Feng.
The study was published on Feb. 21 in the journalFrontiers in Nutrition.
Other experts, though, say this doesn’t mean you should pass on the vegetables.
Because this is an observational study, it can’t show that eating more vegetables doesn’t boost heart health, only that there is a connection between the two, given the type of analysis used in the study.
“The key problem with an observational study like this is that people who eat different amounts of vegetables will differ, on average, in terms of many other factors as well,”凯文·麦康威（Kevin McConway）, PhD, an emeritus professor of applied statistics at the Open University, said in a陈述.
例如，吃更多蔬菜的人可能更加健康，运动更多，服用营养补充剂并定期去看医生。这些其他因素可以减少一个人患心血管疾病的风险。
Or they may be eating more vegetables because they are already at risk of heart disease and are trying to improve their health.
汤姆·桑德斯伦敦国王学院的营养和饮食学名誉教授SCD博士指出，研究中吃更多蔬菜的人们更有可能服用高胆固醇和高血压。
These people already have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, which could dampen the apparent effect of eating vegetables on their risk of heart- and blood vessel-related conditions.
结果，“不应采取这些发现来表明更多的蔬菜对健康没有好处，尤其是心血管健康，”桑德斯在陈述.
In addition, measuring the benefit of one component of the diet can be difficult because when a person eats more vegetables, they eat less of something else.
他们所吃的少量对他们的健康产生不同的影响 - 将水果换成蔬菜可能对心脏健康的影响较小，而不是切掉红肉。
McConway said the way the researchers analyzed the data doesn’t allow for this kind of food-substitution effect.
The new study used data from the英国生物库，一项长期研究在英国近50万成年人。
在研究开始时，要求人们估计他们每天吃多少生和煮熟的蔬菜。然后，研究人员跟随他们十年，以查看有多少心血管疾病。
On average, people reported eating 5 tablespoons of vegetables each day.
But that is a tiny fraction of the recommended amount of vegetables for adults.
On average, people in the study consumed one-eighth of the recommended amount of vegetables.
The
即使在研究中，每天消费“更多”蔬菜的人平均只有大约10汤匙。
“简而言之，本文绝对不应改变建议，每天至少吃五个水果和蔬菜。”纳维德·萨塔尔（Naveed Sattar）, PhD, a professor of metabolic medicine at the University of Glasgow, said in a陈述.
他说：“许多生活在英国的人差不多，可悲的是，需要做更多的事情，以鼓励更好地摄入蔬菜。”
维多利亚泰勒, a registered dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, said multiple factors are involved in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease, all of which need to be addressed.
“Adopting a whole-diet approach to the way we eat — such as the traditional Mediterranean-style diet — together with addressing our lifestyle, which includes not smoking, being physically active and managing our weight, are important to reducing the risk of heart and circulatory conditions,” she said in a陈述.