- Researchers say people in the United States were exposed to large amounts of lead in the 1900s before it was banned in most products.
- 他们说，这种接触导致智商分数降低，并引起了心脏健康问题和认知困难。
- 这y say the problem is particularly acute in Communities of Color, which had more exposure and fewer resources to deal with the issues.
People in the United States have cumulatively lost more than 800 million points off their IQ scores from exposure to the lead added to gasoline for much of the 20th century.
那是根据新研究经过researchers at Florida State University and Duke University in North Carolina.
Researchers said cognitive ability was particularly affected among those born between 1951 and 1980.
由于接触铅，美国人平均损失了2.6分的智商，一个发育神经毒素known to affect mental and physical development.
People born in the mid-to-late 1960s may have been most profoundly affected since that’s when the use of leaded gasoline peaked.
铅已被添加到汽油中以提高发动机性能，以提高发动机性能，并于1940年成为美国铅污染的主要来源。
“We estimated blood-lead levels arising from leaded gasoline use because… it was the dominate source of lead exposure for most Americans over the past 80 years,”亚伦·鲁本, a study author and PhD candidate at Duke University, told Healthline. “Other sources, such as lead service lines or exfoliating paint from pre-1978, have no doubt contributed to individual American’s exposures in that time frame and should be estimated in the future as well.”
鲁本说，铅汽油的大多数铅中毒都是来自吸入排气烟雾或因汽车排气管污染的灰尘。
这Environmental Protection Agency began逐步淘汰1973年在汽油中使用铅，但直到1996年才被完全禁止。
研究人员报道，从1960年代到1980年代初，美国的平均血铅水平是目前的三到五倍。
朱, PhD, a professor of environmental and occupational health at the University of California, Irvine’s Program in Public Health and co-director of the school’s Center for Environmental Health Disparities Research, told Healthline leaded gasoline continues to be one of the most significant sources of environmental toxicity in the United States.
她说：“绝对是对智商和儿童的认知能力以及未来的成功和成就的长期影响的首位。”“铅涂料和铅管相对局限，但含汽油确实使该问题达到了区域和国家规模。”
According to the study, more than 170 million U.S. people alive today were exposed to high lead levels during their childhood. That includes millions exposed to at least five times the currently allowable limit of lead exposure.
研究人员得出了从估计值（BLL）中得出的结论
Wu said the findings demonstrate contamination from leaded gasoline’s “significant impact on society as a whole as well as on individuals.”
她说：“这是一个非常重要的环境正义问题，因为许多[铅污染]发生在有色社区中。”“除了拥有较高的接触外，这些社区还具有较少的资源来应对智商损失的有害影响。”
吴说：“这些水平低于以前，但铅安全性没有固定的阈值。”“从油漆中消除铅的努力已经大大努力，但是从汽油影响中消除铅污染的几乎没有做到的事情，这可能是因为这太难了。到处都是。”
这water contamination crisis在密歇根州的弗林特，尚未解决铅污染的问题，尽管大大减少，但尚未解决。
Wu’s own research shows high levels of lead contamination persist in soil samples taken in urban areas and near highways decades after leaded gasoline was banned.
Michael McFarland佛罗里达州立大学,博士,教授’s sociology department and a study author, noted that leaded gasoline is still used in propeller-driven aircraft.
“尽管现在接触铅的风险并不那么高，但仍然存在很大的问题。例如，我们来自代表性样本的最新估计表明，超过1％的幼儿血铅水平升高，”McFarland告诉Heal雷竞技app官网thline。
“This percentage may not sound high, but it equates to hundreds of thousands of children exposed children per year… Thousands of locales across the country have persistent legacy lead problems, many as bad as those seen in Flint during the water crisis,” he said.
Study authors said a full accounting of the impact of past lead contamination is needed not only to support abatement efforts but also to understand the disease burden of lead exposure and to improve cognitive, cardiovascular, and aging outcomes among those exposed to lead in the past.
鲁本说：“每个智商点对于重要的生活成果都很重要，例如教育和职业成就。”
“Economists have estimated that a single IQ point is worth about $10,000 in lifetime earnings… At the level of society, 2 to 6 IQ points per person is extraordinarily meaningful, as it lowers overall productivity… and increases the number of folks with cognitive impairment who require greater social support,” he said.
研究人员计划使用相同的数据来检查早期铅暴露对老年大脑健康的影响，以及种族差异与脑损伤的相关性与早期铅的暴露有关。