- 在我们知道Covid-19疫苗抵御omicron变体上，可能是2周或更长时间。
- 南非研究人员报告说，早期数据表明该变体具有“逃避现有感染免疫力的实质性能力”。
- 科学家们还将研究其他国家的变种传播，这些国家具有不同的疫苗接种率和公共卫生措施。
作为冠状病毒的omicron变体continues to spreadthroughout the world, one major question is how well the COVID-19 vaccines will hold up against it?
Currently, we don’t have an answer to this. But over the next few weeks, scientists should start releasing data from lab experiments and real-world studies.
These results will give us a better picture of whether Omicron can circumvent vaccine protection and if we will need to update our vaccines to fight this variant.
However, the data won’t all be released all at once — and much of the initial data will be from preprint studies or company press releases — so expect the picture about Omicron to come into focus slowly.
与OMICRON一起，已经存在已经患有冠状病毒感染的人可能更容易地发展重新感染。
南非研究人员在周三报道，该国的现实世界数据表明该变体具有“避免现有感染免疫力的实质性能力”。
This kind of immune escape was not seen with the Beta and Delta variants during the country’s earlier surges.
However, South African researchers did not have information on the vaccination status of people with the Omicron variant, which limits what they can tell about the effectiveness of the vaccines.
“We… therefore cannot make any assessment of whether Omicron also evades vaccine-derived immunity,” study author Juliet Pulliam, PhD, who directs the South African Centre for Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis at Stellenbosch University, said on推特.
The results were published on the preprint serverMedrxiv, so the study has not yet been peer reviewed.
这只是一项研究中,所以它可能不提供排版lete picture of Omicron’s behavior.
科学家们还将研究其他国家的变种传播，这些国家具有不同的疫苗接种率和公共卫生措施。
此外，他们将试图控制其他因素，可以增加人们获得或发展严重疾病的机会，例如就业，其他医疗条件和生活情况。
如果他们收到助推器，他们会看看受疫苗接受哪个疫苗，无论是完全接种疫苗，还有多长时间。
这些研究需要时间。
如果omicron因omicron，如果由于omicron，患者背后的滞后，则需要更长的时间更长。
While both vaccination and infection can lead to immunity against the coronavirus, infection carries a risk of severe illness.
根据数据的数据相比，在美国，未被移开的人死于Covid-19的可能性是14倍的可能性，与完全接种的人相比Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Some
,就像vacci提供的抗体保护nes, infection-acquired immunity wanes over time.
In addition to real-world studies, scientists will test how well antibodies in the blood of people who’ve been vaccinated can fend off Omicron.
这些测试在实验室完成。特别是，科学家们看看neutralizing activityof the antibodies against the variant.
Neutralizing antibodies can tightly bind to the virus and effectively neutralize it, such as by preventing it from infecting cells.
If the neutralizing activity drops too low in the face of Omicron, this could indicate that the vaccines are less effective against this variant.
The vaccines approved in the United States target the spike protein of the coronavirus. Omicron has
We already know about some of these mutations because they have been identified in previous variants.
“We have some clues that we may have some reduced efficacy of vaccines [against Omicron]. But we don’t have that information yet,”Maria Van Kerkhove，博士，世界卫生组织技术领先于Covid-19，周五表示public briefing.
“这将需要一周或两个 - 或三个 - 或三 - 得到[信息]。我们需要科学家在我们有答案之前有一点时间。“
One challenge with testing the level of neutralizing antibodies is figuring out what it means for the real world. There’s not a clear point at which the antibody level drops from good to bad.
Of course, a bigger drop in neutralizing antibodies is worse.
但是，这一水平必须落下一个人的感染风险增加一定程度的风险？或者为了令人担忧的严重疾病的风险？
科学家正在努力figure out the answers to these questions，不仅仅是omicron，还适用于三角洲。
即使对Omicron的中和活动有一滴，即使是免疫系统其他方法防止冠状病毒。
疫苗接种后，人们还产生其他类型的抗体，以及B细胞和T细胞。即使在中和抗体下降，这些其他层也可以踢进。
Scientists will measure the level of T cells and antibody-generating B cells in people who have been vaccinated, looking for ones that target Omicron effectively. These studies, though, are more complicated and can take longer to carry out.
许多专家认为，即使它们更有可能发展感染或再加热 - 与早期的变体更容易发生感染，仍然受到疫苗完全接种疫苗的人仍然受到精心保护的免受巨大的疾病。
“A lot of those mutations [found in Omicron] are associated with immune escape. But I think it’s still very possible that the vaccines will hold up against severe disease, even with those mutations,”Dr. Carlos del Rio埃默里大学医学院医学教授周四表示，在美国传染病学会（IDSA）的媒体简报中，埃默里大学医学院医学教授。
“At this point in time, we need to follow the science… and we’ll get more information in the next couple of weeks.”
It’s also too early to know yet if we will need an Omicron-specific vaccine or booster.
Vaccine makers reportedly say they can develop a new vaccine几个月内，但他们可能会等待看看omicron在滚动之前有多少问题。
TheBeta variantshowed signs that it could overcome some of the protection offered by vaccines, but the variant didn’t spread much beyond South Africa, where it was first detected.
Also, Delta is still the predominant variant in the United States and many other parts of the world, and is driving an increase in cases and hospitalizations in some areas.
“Probably the most important thing for people to do is to make sure that they get their COVID vaccine, because we know that’s protective against Delta,” saidAshley Lipps博士，俄亥俄州大学韦斯纳医疗中心的传染病专家。
研究还表明，目前疫苗的助推器应该帮助人们更好地抵御omicron，即使中和抗体水平下降也是下降。
“There’s every reason to believe, as we talk about boosters, when you get a level [of antibodies] high enough, that you are going to get at least some degree of cross-protection [against Omicron], particularly against severe disease,” Dr. Anthony Fauci, the country’s top infectious disease official, said at a简报本星期。
专家还强调，我们已经有其他工具，这些工具与以前版本的冠状病毒：面部面具，室内更好的通风，物理疏远，测试和接触跟踪。
“我们多次听到这些事情，但他们真的工作，”朱莉·沃什坎扬博士, public health officer for Stanislaus County, California, said at the IDSA briefing.