- 一项新研究中包括的许多人报告说，尽管只接受了安慰剂，但接受了Covid-19疫苗后产生了不愉快的副作用。
- 研究人员说，这可能是由于“ Nocebo效应”。
- The “nocebo effect” occurs when people perceive they’ve had negative effects from a treatment simply because they expect them to occur.
- COVID-19 vaccine side effects are usually nonexistent to mild. Severe side effects are quite rare.
A group of American researchers say a portion of reported COVID-19 vaccine side effects may not be from the vaccines themselves.
Rather, the effects may be from what is known as the “nocebo effect.”
In fact, their research found that a significant number of people reported experiencing side effects despite having only received an inactive placebo injection.
该团队得出的结论是，执行后有Nocebo效应
Systemic AEs were reported by 35.2 percent of those who received their first dose of a placebo, while 16.2 percent reported at least one local AE.
系统性AE是那些远离注射部位的AE，例如在手臂上接受注射后头痛。注射部位附近发生局部AE。
第二个剂量后,31.8%的研究participants said they had at least one systemic AE, while 11.8 percent reported at least one local AE.
大量的研究参与者报告了那些确实接受疫苗的人的AE，其中46.3％的人报告了至少一个全身性AE，在初次剂量后至少报告了至少一个局部AE。
服用第二剂量后，有61.4％的研究参与者报告了全身性AE，而72.8％的人报告了局部AES。
当研究者观察之间的比率the vaccine and placebo groups, however, what stood out was that, after the first dose, the placebo groups accounted for 76 percent of all reported systemic side effects and 24.3 percent of local side effects.
第二剂量之后，这些数字分别降至51.8％和16.2％。
由此，团队得出结论，在安慰剂注射后报告副作用的人们必须经历Nocebo效应。
尼古拉斯·克曼（Nicholas Kman）博士俄亥俄州立大学韦克斯纳医学中心的急诊医学医师解释说，Nocebo效应与已知的安慰剂作用有关。
“Placebo effects are when an inert substance is given to someone and it provokes perceived medical benefits,” he said.
A placebo can be something like a sugar pill or an injection made with saline solution (salt water). It doesn’t have medicinal effects, but people may perceive that it does because they believe they have received the active treatment.
Nocebo效应与此相反：该人会收到惰性物质，但他们认为这导致他们经历了负面影响。
Kman said there are a number of factors that can contribute to a person experiencing a nocebo effect.
这包括一个人期望他们会产生不利的反应，因为他们听说过另一种发生的情况。
它还可以包括可能对第一次疫苗接种反应不良的人，并预计第二剂量或助推器将导致相同的剂量。
Among other reasons Kman cited that influence a nocebo effect are:
- 药物包装插入物
- 电视广告突出了药物的可能副作用
- 在互联网和社交媒体上找到的信息
- 朋友或亲戚的轶事或评论
他说，这些因素“都可以导致Nocebo对各种治疗的高发生率。”
However, Kman pointed out it’s unclear what, if any, role misinformation campaigns associated with COVID-19 vaccines might play in experiencing a nocebo effect.
Sanjeev Gupta博士，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院医学与病理学教授和American Physiological Society，说该问题尚未研究。
However, he feels misinformation campaigns probably didn’t play a role in this particular study.
Gupta noted that, while fear and misinformation have been major reasons for vaccine hesitancy, study participants were volunteers, so they most likely would not have had the same concerns about vaccine side effects.
While reports of severe vaccine side effects have drawn a lot of attention, Gupta said the majority of people will have either no or minimal side effects from COVID-19 vaccines.
The more common side effects, according to Gupta, include:
- injection site discomfort
- feeling feverish
- general aches and pains
- transient fatigue lasting for a few hours.
古普塔说：“严重副作用的可能性很小，也许只有一百万或更少。”
“Interferences in physiological aspects of blood clotting have been reported in a handful of people with blockages of blood vessels or internal bleeding in the brain,” he added.
Gupta further explained that any allergic reactions can be identified within minutes and are typically treated shortly after vaccination.
实际上，在最近的一个
Kman noted that myocarditis and pericarditis have been reported, especially in adolescents and young adult males, within several days after COVID-19 vaccination.
他说：“这也是罕见的，并且在卷co染色后更有可能发生。”
Kman补充说：“此外，大多数接受护理的心肌炎或心包炎患者对医学和休息的反应都很好，并感觉迅速。”
Both Kman and Gupta agree that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination greatly outweigh the small degree of risk associated with them.
克曼说：“不接受它具有严重的影响，不仅对拒绝潜在的救生药物的个人，而且对社区的救助。”
He also pointed out that getting vaccinated reduces the risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and death.
他说：“这已经一遍又一遍地展现出现实世界的经验。”
Kman also noted that studies like this show that the perceived adverse reactions are not always causally related to the vaccine.
这表明一些接种疫苗的人可能认为他们患有疫苗相关的症状仅仅是因为他们期望，或者是因为事件发生在接种疫苗接种时。
古普塔补充说，他认为疫苗“绝对和明确”是值得的，尤其是对于某些人群而言。
“The benefits of vaccination increase markedly for anyone at risk for severe disease, including those with many chronic conditions, immune deficiency states, organ transplantation, advanced age, and others,” said Gupta.